Cell Structure & Function
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Glycolysis
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
- Centrioles
- Muscle Contractions
- Cytoplasmic Ribosomes
- Some Lab Sites
- Cell Wall
- Extracellular Matrix
- Cell Junctions
- Tight Junctions
- Desmosomes
- Adhesion Plaques
- Gap Junctions
- Chemical Synapses
- General Links
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticula
- Golgi
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes (Animals)
- Glyoxysomes (Plants)
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuoles
- Other
- Some Lab Sites
- General Links
- Membrane Proteins
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Transport
- Some Lab Sites
Cytoplasmic Transfer - Focuses its discussion on cytoplasm transfer, including the shortcomings and the improvements. Also provides a short description of the cytoplasm.
Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Cytopathological and Immunocytochemical Study - An actual studied performed on cytopathological and immunocytochemicals.
Cytoplasm Substitution between an Indica strain of Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima - A study on cytoplasm substitutions.
The Cell - Provides a short introduction to the cell structures.
Cell- Cytoplasm - Provides a short explanation of the purpose and the function of the cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton and Microtubules - Provides anchors to descriptions of the structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
Dynamic Redistribution of the Cytoskeleton during Phagocytosis - Provides a short discussion on the function of the cytoskeleton. This is followed by another short discussion on the work that this group has performed on coronin.
Cytoskeleton Tutorial - Provides anchors to descriptions of the structures that make up the cytoskeleton and to the various types of cell movement.
The Cytoskeleton - Discusses the various types of cytoskeleton proteins. It also provides information on centrosomes, centrioles, and cilia and flagella. Contains nice images of these structures.
The Cytoskeleton - Provides a small discussion on the cytoskeleton.
This process represents the first stages of glucose breakdown. The product of glycolysis, pyruvate, is an important precursor for both the TCA cycle (under aerobic conditions) and fermentation pathway (under anaerobic conditions).
| Glycolysis Movie(124K) |
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B.O.B.'s Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Pages - Provides detailed information on Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. Also provides additional links to information on these topics.
| Introduction to Glycolysis Home Page |
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- Scroll down to the list of linkable questions. Click on the various links to view short movies on the topic in question.
| Step by Step Glycolysis |
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- Allows you to examine the enzymes and the reactions in each step of glycolysis, or you may view a small animation of glycolysis.
GLYCOLYSIS OF CARROT SHREDS INCREASED UNDER LOW O2 ATMOSPHERE - An abstract on a study performed on oxygen levels needed to sustain vegetables.
These are polymers of a protein called tubulin. The tubulin assembles in several long, parallel straight chains to form a hollow cylinder. Approximately 25nm in diameter, they are more rigid and much thicker than other cytoskeletal components.
University of Minnesota - Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy - Images of microtubules, the golgi apparatus, and short movies of objects seen through a microscope.
Microtubules & Mitotic Spindles - A page composed of images of microtubules.
Elastic Waves Propagation in Microtubules and Filaments - A study performed on microtubules and filaments.
Structure and Function of Microtubules - An excellent site. Provides discussions on numerous aspects of microtubes and provides very nice images.
These are thin polymer chains of a protein called actin. Two actin chains twist together to form a helical filament. These filaments are much thinner than microtubules, approximately 5-9nm, and much more flexible.
Publications in 1997 (Microtubules and microfilaments) - A collection of abstracts from research on primitive zebrafish.
A variety of proteins can polymerize to form intermediate filaments: nuclear lamins, vimentin, keratins, and neurofilament proteins, to name a few. As the name suggests, their approximate 10nm thickness places their size between microfilaments and microtubules.
Composed of an array of microtubules that form short cylinders, centrioles provide an organizing center for the microtubules synthesized and used in cell division.
Centrioles & Basal Bodies - A short comparison of centrioles and basal bodies.
A Theory on the Origin of the Genetic Code, DNA - An interesting dialoque on the theory of the origin of the genetic code. It may come across as elementary at first, but it is quite imformative.
Centrioles and Basal Bodies - A short, but informative discussion on the function of centrioles.
Centrioles with ten singlets in spermatozoa of the parasitic nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus - Discusses the cellular make-up of Heligmosomoides polygyrus.
Cilia and Flagella - Discusses the various aspects, including the function, movement, and reproduction of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and basal bodies. Possesses some very nice images of these structures.
In this process, the myosin and actin filaments in a muscle cell (fiber) use energy from ATP to slide over each other, shortening their combined length. The nervous system can coordinate and synchronize the contraction of muscle fibers bundles so that the entire muscle can contract precisely and quickly.
Creatine Kinase-MB (CK Isoenzyme) - Discusses where muscles obtain energy for use in contraction. Also focuses on what happens in the human body when the skeletal muscles or the heart muscles are damaged.
Every runner's nightmare - Discusses some statistics and the causes of runner's cramp. Also explains how to prevent and deal with runner's cramp.
The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction - A detailed description of the mechanism by which muscles contract and relax.
Structure and Composition of Muscle - A detailed discussion on the different types of muscle tissue. Provides some very nice images.
Protein Synthesis on Cytoplasmic Ribosomes
In a process called translation, the two subunits of a ribosome use mRNA as a template for linking amino acids. This growing amino acid chain is beginning of a new protein. Synthesis continues in the cytoplasm if the protein is destined to remain there. In the absence of a signal sequence of amino acids that dictate otherwise (see also Protein Sorting), the protein remains in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes - A large image of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum translating RNA to proteins, followed by a discussion on ribosomes, some important definitions, and a comparison of DNA with RNA.
Protein Synthesis - Provides a short background section on amino acids and then introduces transcription, translation, amino acid activation, polyribosomes, and the control of protein synthesis. Cartoon pictures are provided on transcription and protein synthesis.
| Initiation Movie(25K) |
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Ribosomes - A very detailed page on ribosomes. Provides a general introduction to ribosomes and further discussions on a ribosome's function, structure, and regulation.
Ribosome Structure and Function - An extremely nice page. Provides discussions on numerous aspects of ribosomes and possesses some very nice images.
Lynn Cooley's Lab - We are studying the regulatory pathways that control the cytoskeletal reorganization during Drosophila egg chamber development.
Yu-li Wang's Cell Biology Laboratory - Research in our laboratory is focused on how proteins reorganize themselves to achieve these diverse functions.
Gamblin, Truman (research on microtubules) - My research focuses mainly on microtubule dynamic instability. Contains two very nice images of microtubules.
Rosenbaum Lab Home Page - The Rosenbaum lab uses the flagella of the bi-flagellate alga Chlamydomonas as a model system for studying the assemb of cell organelles.
Thomas A. McMahon - A variety of experimental and theoretical studies of muscle biophysics and the mechanics of locomotion are conducted in the Biomechanics Laboratory by Professor McMahon and his students and staff.