Cell Structure & Function
- General Links
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticula
- Golgi
- Lysosomes
- Peroxisomes (Animals)
- Glyoxysomes (Plants)
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuoles
- Other
- Some Lab Sites
- Cell Wall
- Extracellular Matrix
- Cell Junctions
- Tight Junctions
- Desmosomes
- Adhesion Plaques
- Gap Junctions
- Chemical Synapses
- Cytoplasm
- Cytoskeleton
- Glycolysis
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
- Centrioles
- Muscle Contractions
- Cytoplasmic Ribosomes
- Some Lab Sites
- General Links
- Membrane Proteins
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Transport
- Some Lab Sites
The Organization of the Eukaryotic Cell - Discusses the various structures which make up a eukaryotic cell.
Cells and Organelles - Provides short descriptions of the various organelles in a cell. Also contains very nice cartoon like images of the organelles of focus.
Structure and Function of Organelles - Provides short descriptions of the various organelles in a cell. Each organelle heading is anchored to a page with a very nice cartoon like image of the organelle.
Organelles - Possesses anchors to pages which focus on the various organelles in the cell.
Mitochondrian - Discusses the role of mitochondria in the cell.
Mitochondria - A photograph of a mitochondria through a microscope(179K).
Respiration
In aerobic respiration (oxygen present), glucose is broken down to pyruvate,
that is ultimately oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In addition,
ATP is formed. In anaerobic respiration (no oxygen present), the pyruvate
is oxidized in two separate pathways, forming either ethyl alcohol or
lactate.
| Kreb Cycle Movie(104K) |
 |
Respiration & Glycolysis - Provides descriptions of, and the chemical reactions of all the different types of respiration and glycolysis mechanisms.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum - Provides a short description of the endoplasmic reticula and possesses two informative cartoon like images.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Provides a short summary of what the endoplastic reticulum is and what its functions are. Also possesses a nice cartoon type image of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - A large cartoon like image of the endoplasmic reticulum(104K).
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: fatty acid catabolism
After fatty acids are transported across the inner membrane of the
mitochondria, they are activated by their initial linking to coenzyme A.
In a stepwise fashion, carbons are removed as acetyl CoA, which can enter
the TCA cycle.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER) - A photograph of a smooth endoplasmic reticulum
through a microscope(179K).
Golgi
Protein and Membrane Sorting
Most proteins are synthesized in the cytosol, where they remain.
However, some proteins contain a small amino acid sequence, called a signal,
that directs them to other organelles or locations in a membrane.
Golgi Apparatus - A large cartoon like image of the golgi apparatus(100K).
How Lysosomes & Peroxisomes are Produced - Possesses lots of information on various aspects lysosomes. Although, more importantly, contains some very interesting images of these lysosomal aspects.
Lysosome Related Links - A list of lysosome related links and links to people's homepages who are involved in lysosome related research.
Lysosomal Storage Diseases - An interesting page. Focuses on rare genetic diseases in children caused by lysosomal storage diseases.
Form and Function
of Lysosomes - A brief discussion on the function of lysosomes.
Protein Degradation
In eukaryotic cells, a molecule (or several) of ubiquitin is attached
to a protein to signal its targeting to the lysosome for disassembly.
Protein degradation is an important part of cell maintenance. Otherwise,
buildup of excess proteins can have toxic or disease-like effects on
a cell.
Lysosomes & Peroxisomes - A very detailed page. Provides discussions on lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Chloroplasts - A large cartoon like image of the chloroplast(197K).
Photosynthesis
This is the multi- step process of capturing light energy to synthesize
carbohydrates. Water molecules and atmospheric carbon dioxide
(CO2) are used and ultimately molecular oxygen (O2),
water vapor, and glucose are formed.
Biochemistry
of Photosynthesis - Provides a short introduction to photosynthesis,
then continues to provide discussions on factors limiting the rate of
photosynthesis, cyclic photophosphorylation, non-cyclic photophosphorylation,
and the light independent stage of photosynthesis. Provides chemical
mechanisms for the 2 types of photophosphorylation, including a detailed
image of the mechanism.
The Vacuoles - Explains what a vacuole is and a vacuole's functions. Compares and contrasts the difference between plant and animal vacuoles.
Other
Flagella and Pilli (bacteria)
Cilia and Flagella (eukaryotes)
Microvilli
Nutrient Absorption
Cells that are specialized to absorb nutrients usually have
one side with numerous actin-filled projections called microvilli. These
microvilli can provide up to 20 times the absorbing surface area for each
cell.
Lamellipodia
Cell Movement
Cells use actin in a process called protrusion. Actin-filled
projections called lamellipodia and filopodia, push out in front of the cell
in the direction of movement. In a related type of cell movement, called
attachment, components of the cytoskeleton bind and push off the
extracellular matrix, neighboring cell, or resting surface.
Lysosome Related Links - A list of lysosome related links and links to people's homepages who are involved in lysosome related research.